Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased bone density (weakened bones), increasing the risk of fractures. Risk factors include age (particularly post-menopausal), gender (women are higher risk than men), family history, body frame (thinner individuals are higher risk), lifestyle choices (low calcium/vit D intake, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, alcohol, many conditions (hyperparathyroidism, cancer, hypothyroidism).  Best way to prevent osteoporosis is adequate intake of calcium (1000-1200 mg/day) and Vitamin D (1000-2000 IU/day), weight-bearing exercises to enhance bone density and strength, and avoid poor lifestyle choices such as smoking and excessive alcohol.  All post-menopausal women are at risk of developing osteoporosis (due to estrogen deficiency) and regular screenings with DEXA as part of annual wellness are important to recognize and treat osteoporosis.  In addition to Ca/Vit D and weight-bearing exercises other treatments maybe necessary, such as Bisphosphonates.  Some studies suggest that regular tai chi practice may also help slow bone density loss.