STDs are infections that are commonly spread through sexual contact. They can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Some of the most common STDs include: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, HIV, HPV (Human Papillomavirus), Herpes Simplex Virus, Trichomoniasis. Many STDs may not show symptoms, which is why regular screening is important. When symptoms do occur, they can include: unusual discharge from the genitals, painful urination, sores or blisters in the genital area, rash, itching or irritation, pain during sex. Risk factors include multiple sexual partners, inconsistent use of condoms, previous history of STDs, substance use that may impair judgment. Abstinence is the most effective way to prevent STDs. Other ways to prevent are using male or female condoms consistently and correctly, vaccination (vaccines are available for HPV and Hepatitis B), regular screenings. If suspected,  testing methods include blood tests, urine tests, swabs from infected areas. Depending on the results treatment varies - (antibiotics, antivirals, parasitic medications).  As part of annual wellness it is recommended that women aged 18-21 years of age who are sexually active get screened by a urine test for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea.