A migraine is a neurological condition characterized by intense, often debilitating headaches. It may be accompanied by symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. It can be with or without aura (visual or sensory disturbance before the headache). If migraines occur more than 15 days per month they are considered chronic. Symptoms include headache (usually one-sided)- pulsating or throbbing, nausea/vomiting, increased sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes smell. Triggers include stress and anxiety, hormonal changes (e.g. menstrual cycle), certain foods (aged cheese, chocolate, alcohol), environmental factors (e.g. bright lights, strong odors), changes in sleep patterns. Prevention strategies include maintaining a regular sleep schedule, staying hydrated and eating balanced meals, avoiding triggers. Treatment includes OTC pain relievers, or more commonly prescription meds (e.g. triptans) for breakthrough. For recurrent or chronic migraines preventive meds can be used (beta blockers, anticonvulsants, or antidepressants). Several newer agents are available for both breakthrough and preventive use (CGRP antagonists) which are reserved for refractory cases. Other treatment strategies include resting in a dark quiet room, applying a cold pack to forehead or back of neck, hydration. In most cases your primary doctor will be able to help you with migraines, and in more complicated cases a referral to neurology clinic may be necessary.